22%. Double Deck Blackjack Strategy Charts. However if the 12 is composed of a 10 and a 2 the odds favor hitting. The game has a very straightforward betting mechanism. How To Play. The probability of getting a blackjack (which pays off at 3 to 2) is 16/51, or 31. Improved Odds. 2b: Probabilities of dealer blackjack before peek; 3a: Exceptions to single-deck S17 basic strategy; 3b: Exceptions to double-deck S17 basic strategy; 3c: Exceptions to single-deck H17 basic strategy; 4: Blackjack standard deviation details; 5: Infinite deck expected return by player hand and dealer upcard; 6: Fine points of when to surrenderFor instance, it’s known that a single-deck blackjack game is better than games played with 6–8 decks,. It has a betting correlation of . So, as you draw cards, you just add and subtract, for example, if King and a 9 are drawn, it is -2. Before you start playing, you have to place a bet. Let’s compare a 5-deck continuous shuffler game to a 4-deck hand shuffled game. Many believe that Blackjack, or 21, or twenty-one is the most popular casino game in the world. LCB tested their withdrawal process and faced many issues, full story HERE. There are three tables, the first for when the player has two cards of different ranks and no dealer blackjack, the second when the player has. In other words, the casino is just tricking you into thinking that a 6. Double Deck Blackjack. If you are not able to re-split a hand treat it as a hard total hand and follow the strategy for that hand as per the tables below. Our. Here’s the basic strategy of when to hit on a soft 17 in blackjack: Single deck game: Hit when the dealer’s up card is seven through Ace; Double/Multi-deck game: Hit when the dealer’s up card is a two or seven through Ace. In other words, trying to card count an eight-deck shoe is largely seen as a waste of your time. The odds for getting a jack of hearts from a deck composed of 52 cards is 1 in 51, or 51:1. In a game with four decks or more, you should double down on a soft 17 versus a dealer 2. Some might offer less favorable payouts like 6-to-5. Wizard of Odds - Single Deck Blackjack Basic Strategy, Playing Blackjack as a BusinessSingle Deck Hit on a Soft 17 Surrender Is Not Available. No dealer hole card. Single-deck games are sought out religiously by many players, and for a good reason. The percentage here also assumes that the player knows basic strategy and applies this strategy at the blackjack table. 9% compared to 5. The odds are pretty good, but not as good as… Single Deck Blackjack. Learn . Blackjack Appendix 9 — Five decks, dealer hits on soft 17, no hole card. In single deck, you’re always dividing by a fraction or decimal and that’s not easy. So the benefit of a continuous shuffler is worth less than removing a single deck. 527%. Split 9s against a dealer 2-6 or 8-9. Like the first hand has KK and the second has 2/2. Jul 28, 2022By Herbert Hanson September 28, 2022 5 min read You will learn the basic and advanced rules, how to win, card counting in single deck games, and more. Card counting is a statistical method to get an advantage over the casino while sitting at a blackjack table. However, the strategy can vary slightly from game to game, as different casinos may offer different rules. The dealer hits soft 17 at all Las Vegas single deck blackjack tables. Therefore, you need to ensure that you are visiting the right table with the right blackjack strategy if you want to up your game effectively. The left vertical column of the charts is your hand and the top horizontal column is the dealer's hand. Blackjack expected Returns for eight decks and dealer stands on soft 17. For example a single-deck S17 game with NDAS and doubling on any 2 cards has a house edge of just 0. 500 +1. Blackjack may be played with one to eight decks of 52-card decks. A multi-deck blackjack chart is used in a game with six decks. All you need to do is keep track of 2 cards – Aces and Fives. If you want to know how to make money playing blackjack easily, then follow our tips winning. The game features a dealer and multiple players, all of whom receive cards at the beginning of each round. The dealer shall peek for a blackjack with an ace up but not a 10. Advanced Blackjack Strategy. Basic Online Blackjack Rules and Strategy. If five players are sitting at the table, the dealer will reshuffle the cards. 13. Single Deck Blackjack Rules. 19%. 527%. Single-Deck Blackjack is ideal for beginners, while Pirate 21 is great for experienced players. Four decks – house edge of +0. 39%, depending on the dealer's upcard. Thanks to the Wizard Of Odds basic strategy calculator and the blackjack basic strategy engine from BJ Info for the invaluable assistance their resources provided in creating the charts. The player gets an advantage when more high cards are available at the deck. Based on these rules, the player's expected value is -0. How to Play One Deck Blackjack. You would need to understand that there is no single strategy chart that works best in all situations and in all. For example, avoid blackjack games that pay out 6 to 5, and instead play single deck blackjack, which pays 3 to 2. We hope this blackjack insurance bet strategy guide was. Speaking. Unfortunately, casinos rarely offer early surrender. If he chooses exactly the same course as the dealer, the outcome of. The single-deck blackjack strategy house edge is a little lower (around 0. 66% for an 8-deck game. Visit Composition-Dependent Strategy for Single Deck and Dealer Stands on. Once again, make sure you choose the correct chart i. Use one basic strategy for running counts up to +1. In this chart, the first group of tables is for games where the dealer must stand on a soft 17, while the second group is for games where. Hard nine vs. Blackjack Appendix 9 — Six deck, dealer stands on soft 17, no hole card. While you may get lucky here and there, you are statistically likely to lose out in the long run. This helps you choose the best odds and reduce losses over time. Another “arrow in your quiver. 16. It doesn’t get more classic than this, trust us! But, it’s one thing to know the rules and enjoy playing, but another thing entirely if you play to win. 5% with multiple decks. The basic strategy is adjusted based on the variant in order to produce the best results. 2. 4 to 8 standard decks of cards are used, and the dealer must stand on soft 17. An 8-deck game using the exact same rules has a house edge of 0. Of course, there are also other situations, as different blackjack variants may result in the house odds climbing to 1% or higher also. Consider that when the dealer hits on a soft 17, the probability of drawing hands 18+ in value increases for the dealer. Try to find the best table rules you can. comCard counting is a game strategy used to track the ratio of high cards to the ratio of low cards in blackjack. The house edge is cut to 0. American Blackjack by Arrow’s Edge is a 6-deck, multi-hand variant dealt according to the American land-based casino rules. Once the first card has been dealt, it is no longer available, so the odds of drawing a card of the same value (making a pair) are less. Also, use this move when you have a high hand of 17 or more, while a hit is a suitable choice for a soft 17 or less. 2:1 is a better payout. Keep a running tally while the dealer draws cards from the deck, using the abovementioned values. Mr. • Classic blackjack / single deck (0. You can split ace pairs, and get an additional card for each but aren’t allowed to split the hands further. These are the most common table rules at real-world casinos. Many casinos started adding more decks to get in the way of card counters’ strategy, and some even stopped offering this game. The following strategy charts are designed for single deck blackjack. ReplyAs you might imagine, the difference between the two games affects the house edge. Casino Bonuses;. Section 6 : Advanced Single-Deck Blackjack. Use your knowledge of the cards that have already been played to infer which cards may. Six decks –. Nevertheless, Ten Count is a good system to use when acclimating yourself to card counting. The fewer the decks the more beneficial using composition dependent basic strategy is. Single deck blackjack can be a great game if you’re getting the full 3:2 payment on your blackjacks. Blackjack may be played with one to eight decks of 52-card decks. Rather than teach you 9 different basic strategy charts for each variant of blackjack you will ever see, we decided to run our simulation against the games people will most commonly see and teach one basic strategy that is sufficiently effective. However the actual probability is much less, because as the player gets each blackjack the ratio of aces to cards left in the deck decreases. Here are the basics of this strategy: A to 9 = +4; J. 27%. The single-deck blackjack strategy house edge is a little lower (around 0. 45%. Dealing 4. This feature is great for clearing bonuses if blackjack is an approved bonus game. 88 and is a level I strategy, meaning that it is quite simple. Two decks – house edge of +0. Card 9: -1 Points. For example, if you have hard 11, and the dealer’s up card is a 5, the tables show a D – meaning you. Definition And Comparison To Return-To-Player A simple move can as well make or mar your final hand. The master chart used for learning blackjack basic strategy was developed for a multiple-deck game in which the dealer stands on a soft 17. 8. Both charts are based on that the dealer must stand on soft 17. Another way of looking at it is using two basic strategies. That's a zero sum. Among the four main strategies of Blackjack, splitting a pair is a game-changing move. The first “secret” is that. Always split aces and 8s. One trick casinos often use to get a higher edge is to offer a single deck blackjack game, but that game might only pay off at 6 to 5 for a blackjack. The answer is, of course 10. Note that not all casinos will allow you to refer to a blackjack strategy card at the tables,. In addition to hustling off card counters, casinos introduced multi-deck shoes, automatic card shufflers, and more frequent. Moreover, the free-play mode will also help you prepare your blackjack strategy in advance, without worrying about losing your initial bets. 60%;. After deciding on the betting unit, the players will just need to make sure that the system is executed correctly, in accordance with the 1-3-2-6 sequence. In case your running count is negative, you should simply put a negative sign to. Soft 17 is a situation in which the blackjack hand contains a total of 17 with a single ace (6+A, 4+2+A, etc. Strategy Simplicity. Single-deck blackjack lowers the house edge by 0. That’s actually an easy example. All the 6:5 games permit players to double down on any two cards but not after splitting. This tells us that there is only one desired outcome and 51 other ways in which it won’t happen. The dealer hits on soft 17. Of course, there are also other situations, as different blackjack variants may result in the house odds climbing to 1% or higher also. Also, make sure to adjust your blackjack strategy chart depending on what version of the game you’re playing. 17% for a single-deck game and around 0. You would need to understand that there is no single strategy chart that works best in all situations and in all. Double at -1. Let’s assume you’re playing in a single-deck blackjack game. If you can find a place to play one deck blackjack, I will teach you the rules and strategies which you can implement to give yourself the best chance at winning and reduce the house edge to as low as 0. In classic blackjack, your blackjacks pay 3:2 (you get $3 for every $2 you wager), the dealer hits soft 17, and insurance pays 2:1. These are known as 4 and 8 deck strategies, while there is sometimes even. This makes it easier for players to learn and implement optimal strategies. Some might offer less favorable payouts like 6-to-5. Table rules have a pronounced impact on the correct plays in blackjack because they can take away from or add to the house edge. The deck is shuffled before each hand is dealt. There are also. The house edge percentage will change in accordance to the rules and style. Blackjack Challenge. 87 in the long run. Single decks can be advantageous for skilled players aiming for strategic advantage, while multi-deck shoes might be suitable for those less focused on strategy or counting. However, others commonly use two, three, six, or more decks. Basic strategy advises to split in almost every scenario, expect for 5’s and 10’s. After a split, you can double your bet. Offering 5 excellent live dealer blackjack rooms, FanDuel. In this situation the. 13. 24% or 0. The correct basic strategy is a proven winning system for the game of twenty-one. To correctly count cards in blackjack, whether online or at a casino, you must maintain a running total based on the face value of any cards shown. Try to find the best table rules you can. In double-deck blackjack, hit when the count is 0 or lower. If the count is +10, with five decks remaining in a six-deck shoe, then the “true count” is 10/5 = 2. If you want to improve your game, select "Warn on strategy errors. We have used mathematical probabilities to work out the best moves to make. However, the multi-deck blackjack strategy can also be used with four to eight decks in blackjack games. 38 percent with correct. Our online version of Single Deck Blackjack uses the standard 3:2 payout for getting a natural, meaning you’ll get $15. You can’t split and then double either – you must make your decision before splitting the cards. The Illustrious 18. But if you’re playing in a game being dealt from multiple decks in a shoe, you need to know how to convert the running count to the true count. Based on the odds, there are only a few hands you should play differently with a single deck blackjack strategy. 16% in single-deck blackjack. When halfway through a deck, if your value is high, there are more 10’s, face card, and aces remaining than low cards. However if the 12 is composed of a 10 and a 2 the odds favor hitting. ”. The winning chance changes with the composition of the deck. Single-Deck Blackjack Chart – Basic Strategy. This means games like double-deck blackjack are better for counting. Scouting casinos for blackjack tables with beneficial rules takes knowledge of how each rule affects the house edge, as well as patience and discipline. The face cards, or big cards, 10, jack, queen, king, and ace are all given a -1 value. 6-9 cards count as 0. Even if you count cards and play with the optimal strategy on a 6:5 single-deck game, you’ll still be better off playing a 3:2 game with 8 decks. First, calculate your points and find this amount vertically. but you should also consider other rules. Moreover, card counting also becomes much simpler than. 7 hands. Standard Blackjack. com editor: There are slight differences in the GameMaster’s index numbers published here and the optimized numbers on the BlackjackInfo Advanced Blackjack Strategy Cards . This Blackjack Card Counting method tells the player what cards are predominantly remaining in the deck, High cards or Low cards. 2b: Probabilities of dealer blackjack before peek; 3a: Exceptions to single-deck S17 basic strategy; 3b: Exceptions to double-deck S17 basic strategy; 3c: Exceptions to single-deck H17 basic strategy; 4: Blackjack standard deviation details; 5: Infinite deck expected return by player hand and dealer upcard; 6: Fine points of when to surrenderThe minimum maximum bet on each table variation would be nice. 3 FREE Sweepstakes. More detailed information is available on the blackjack hand calculator post. Blackjack Burnout. If you wager $10 on a 6-to-5 table, you’d only get $12. As my blackjack calculator show difference in house edge between four decks and five decks is 0. In single-deck Blackjack, there are certain strategies that players should follow to increase their chances of winning. Blackjack Split Rules, Tips, Splitting Chart and FAQ for Successful Playing; Blackjack. I recently visited the Boston Encore and the minimum bets were $10. ] There are slight differences in blackjack basic strategy between single-deck and multiple-deck games. First, by knowing the “depth” of the tracked cards in the deck, the player can cut the cards so that they will be kept in play by making sure that, after the cards are cut, these cards are in front of the cut card when it is reinserted into the stack. Then a different strategy for +2 and above. As seen above, the probability of a winning blackjack increases as the number of decks decreases. Plus, the house edge is a mere 0. 37%. Blackjack Strategy Additional Rules. Dealer must hit soft 17. 16% when playing single-deck blackjack, and 0. Free daily Sweepstakes Coins. Action: H = Hit S = Stand D = Double P = Split. $10 minimum. With 14 cards played, the deck has a total of 38 cards. Stand when your hand is 12-16 when the dealer has 2-6. Note that a 6:5 blackjack game increases the house edge by about 1. 22%. The basic strategy can also be affected by the number of. These charts slightly vary for optimum performance on a game to game basis. For example, if you’re at a single-deck game and a quarter-deck has been played, with a running count of 3, the true count is 3 divided by . In Single Deck Blackjack, aim to get close to 21 without busting or exceeding it. Players can edit the strategy chart to their preferences so that auto play’s actions are identical to the way that they would play if the player had control. Definition And Comparison To Return-To-PlayerA simple move can as well make or mar your final hand. 16. Double soft 18 vs. 6. Just follow these steps to begin using it in no time: Select the dealer’s up card. That’s because blackjacks are more frequent and you receive 10-value cards on top of double-downs in a. 83% probability of winning. The. The catch, though, is that Ten Count is designed specifically for single-deck blackjack games. Here are the full rules of the game. The basic strategy for these games is almost identical, regardless of whether it uses 4 or 8 decks. This is why all tables that allow splitting and re-splitting, especially Aces, have a higher RTP. SINGLE DECK BLACKJACK SESSION!. One useful drill to help you keep a true count in single-deck games is to practice dividing your running count by fractions (one quarter, one half, three quarters and so on). Once you’re doing two decks under 40 seconds, go to 6 decks. The kind of totals the player has for. The following basic strategy table is appropriate for European blackjack, at least the variation I saw played in Berlin and Hamburg, and specifically excepting the United Kingdom. A Blackjack strategy chart is a table filled with the recommended moves in the game. If the dealer’s top card is an Ace or a 10, the face-down card is flipped to check for blackjack – 21. 58% (versus eight decks). 36%-0. Drawing a hand of higher value than the dealer’s hand, without going over 21. When a player receives an initial hand with 2 cards of the same face value, then the player has the opportunity to split. Did you know that blackjack is the most popular table game in Las Vegas casinos, with players spending an average of $7. 4 percent edge to the house--more than the usual house edge against the basic strategy of seasoned players in nearly all games. Before you begin using these charts, make sure that you are playing in a single deck game. The blackjack cheat sheet is a condensed and simplified version of the standard basic strategy rules for a blackjack table using 4-8 decks, where the dealer stands on soft 17. When the count is +2, you’ll bet $15. 15%. The dealer shall stand. Spanish 21 Blackjack Spanish 21 blackjack is played with a single deck of cards that has all of the 10s removed. Online casinos also have. Hit when your hand is 12-16 when the dealer has 7-Ace. This article tells you why and gives you some tips to get more winning chances than most other players. This is called a “natural blackjack. House edge is based on probability and is calculated over thousands of hands. Meaning that the bet of $10 will get you a $15 profit for a Blackjack hand. The composition-dependent strategy is a slight deviation, which works best in blackjack single deck odds since it makes the biggest impact on each hand. This betting strategy is based on playing a single deck game of blackjack , but can be altered slightly to accommodate games with multiple decks. Blackjack strategy varies depending on how many decks are in play. 0329%. Atlantic City Blackjack has a higher House Edge of 0. Remember, each hand and game might differ, so stay flexible and considerate with your strategy. This works fine as long as you’re playing in a game being dealt from a single deck. Just play it like you would any single-hand video poker machine, except you don't need to put in money. The number decreases to 4. Level two and level three counting systems are more. 33. You keep the same running count as you would with Hi-Lo, and the formula remains the same! Divide your running count by how many decks are left in the game. Thus, each of these variations has its own blackjack perfect. Blackjack is also the most researched game ever. The following rules apply in a single-deck blackjack strategy: The dealer shuffles a 52-card deck once at the beginning of the game. It can be single, double or multiple. 1: Total dependent expected return table for an infinite deck; 2a: Probabilities of dealer blackjack after peek; 2b: Probabilities of dealer blackjack before peek; 3a: Exceptions to single-deck S17 basic strategy; 3b: Exceptions to double-deck S17 basic strategy; 3c: Exceptions to single-deck H17 basic strategy; 4: Blackjack standard. Blackjack Burnout. However, most betting systems in blackjack are developed for other games and simply applied to 21. 8%. A single-deck countdown is your “speed bag”; try to get through it as quickly as possible while maintaining your accuracy. Single Deck Blackjack games and basic strategies. For example, assume the first player card is any 10-value card. Our standard blackjack. Single Deck Blackjack Basic Strategy Chart. Another way of looking at it is using two basic strategies. 87%. 3b: Exceptions to double-deck S17 basic strategy; 3c: Exceptions to single-deck H17 basic strategy; 4: Blackjack standard deviation details; 5: Infinite deck expected return by player hand and dealer upcard; 6: Fine points of when to surrender; 7: Effect of card removal; 8: Analysis of blackjack side bets; 9: Composition-dependent expected. However, in reality this is not the case since the RTP percentage applies to everyone. When you are ready to test your skills and have some fun, join our #1 blackjack casino site below:The probability of a blackjack in a single deck game is 4*16/combin (52,2) = 64/1326. To maximize your potential winnings, following a basic strategy explicitly tailored for single deck blackjack is essential. Here’s how the system works, in one blackjack example: The basic strategy instructs players to sign a tag of +1 to every card from 2 to 6, and a tag of -1 to every card from 10 to an ace. With Vegas Strip rules applied, the house edge is 0. A high dealer up card is a seven through an ace. As long as the count remains above -1, you’ll double; once it goes lower than -1, you’ll just hit — then hopefully leave the table if the count doesn’t improve. These rules are for multi-deck blackjack games. There are some good double-deck blackjack games with a very low house edge against a basic strategy player (as low as 0. Blackjack games differ based on the number of card decks the dealer uses. the Dealer’s 5. That means you can spend more time applying basic strategy to your card counting. To signal a split, you can point at your. In a single-deck game, you’ll hit a soft 18 if the dealer has an ace. 16 Against a Dealer 10 You might be holding 16 made up of two cards (10+6 or 9+7), three cards (4+5+7), or even more, and it will make a difference on your blackjack casino odds and. As the name implies this is the most popular version of blackjack in Las Vegas. For basic strategy players, penetration really doesn’t matter. Our double deck blackjack has the Dealer stand on soft 17—a rule that benefits the player. When it. Although some online sites offer single-deck blackjack games - the best-suited. But when Edward Thorp came along in the 1960s with card counting techniques, the casinos had to adjust. We mentioned that the house edge for blackjack in at around 2%, but with the basic blackjack strategy, you can take it down to 0. Basic Strategy Blackjack Charts. Just go through the deck as fast as possible and keep a running count in your head. That is: 4 – (4 x 8) = 4 – 32 = -28. The house edge for single-hand / single-deck blackjack games is 1. However, two decks would mean that you should start counting from -4. Your wins are smaller, meaning that you’re possibly going to lose your overall bankroll faster, giving that money back to the house. Hard 11 vs. Always double down. While the Hi/Lo card counting method works great for multi-deck games, Hi-Opt 1 is better for single-deck games. So the two-deck game without a shuffler would be much better. Below are the specifics and how Unlimited Blackjack differs from conventional blackjack. . Casinos that offer single-deck Blackjack games are very aware that it can easily be beaten by a counter who uses a big bet spread, so trying to play the game with a 1-12 spread like I recommend for 6-deck games will likely get you a one-way ticket out of the casino, pronto. With a 10 or an 11, the potentially doubling hands, you’re going to double if you have more points than the dealer. 56% with basic strategy. Following are the expected returns for each initial hands in blackjack under the following rules. Note from the BlackjackInfo. Standing on Soft 17 Strategy (Single Deck) If you’re playing single-deck blackjack and want to use this strategy, make sure all of these factors are true: The dealer will be using only one deck for the game. In single deck blackjack every card that is played has a considerable impact on the distribution of the remaining cards. 46% and 0. Split 7’s vs dealer’s 2-7. That’s what sets this game apart. Hard. 12%. For card counters, the deeper the penetration, the more profitable the game will be. You can achieve a very low house edge but only if you learn the basic playing strategy. Single Deck Blackjack: Strategy Charts, Rules & Odds As the name suggests, single-deck blackjack is a blackjack game played with a single 52-card. For a unique. A single-hand game uses just one 52-card deck, whereas multi-hand games use four, six, or eight decks, each with 52 cards. 9% in single-deck blackjack. Ideally you want the dealer to stand on “Soft 17”. A single-hand game uses just one 52-card deck, whereas multi-hand games use four, six, or eight decks, each with 52 cards. Single-Deck Strategy Single-deck blackjack often includes rules different from multi-deck games. (or higher. More details. That is why; players who adhere to the basic blackjack strategy can improve their odds of winning to a significant extent by lowering the house edge to about 0. #3 Tip – Find the Best Table Rules. The basic blackjack strategy is a mathematical approach to blackjack that tells you the best moves to make based on the cards you’ve been dealt. You could lose 70 out of 100 hands you play at a casino, which would not be in check with the house edge in the long. Download PDF. That means you win $300 for every $200 bet at 3:2, or $200 for every $100 bet at 2:1. These flashcards will make it easier for you to learn the blackjack strategy card for when you're playing on a single deck, when the dealer hits on soft 17 and there's no surrender. Single Deck Blackjack. There are 51 cards left in the deck, and 16 of them have a value of 10. 12%. Standing on a hand that is 21 or lower, while the dealer goes over 21. Card counting involves keeping a basic running tally of which cards have come out of a shoe so far during a blackjack game. Seemingly complicated, the 1-3-2-6 blackjack betting strategy is actually much simpler than it looks at first glance. You can split a blackjack hand up to three times. Vegas Single Deck Blackjack pays 3-2 on blackjack. 19% respectively). 6. Before you begin playing, choose a single-deck blackjack game with advantageous rules. Learn how to play single-deck blackjack with the basic strategy rules and tips from Wizard of Odds. The variant uses two decks instead of standard six and eight, opening possibilities for better RTP (99. So you can sweep your eye. and sees you square off against a single opponent (the dealer) to achieve a score of 21 or. Read more about the Double. Blackjack Strategy Additional Rules. This makes it easier for players to learn and implement optimal. Method 2. If the next card is 2, you subtract 1 point and the count returns to -1. Single-deck blackjack has simpler basic strategy charts compared to multiple-deck variants. For example, if you place a £20 bet for a single-deck blackjack game that pays 3:2, you walk home with only £22, whereas, you win about £25 for a single-deck game with a 6:5. Single deck blackjack; Double deck blackjack; Mliti deck. At the beginning of each round of Double Deck Blackjack, two 52-card decks are shuffled together. Here are. After spending time developing your blackjack strategy, it’s important to play games with the best payouts on the market to maximize your winnings. While luck plays its role,. In other words, basic strategy tells you the optimal move for a blackjack hand on the very first round of play, immediately after the dealer has reshuffled the deck or shoe.